Across Africa, innovators are building elegant solutions for diagnostics, remote monitoring, and preventive care. Yet in Ghana and many of our neighbours, great ideas stall because startups cannot access the structured, anonymized health data they need to train models, validate outcomes, and demonstrate real-world impact. This is not a talent gap. It’s a systemic one.

Ghana has long had an e-Health vision, and a National E-Health Strategy was published to drive digitization, interoperability, and a move toward paperless records. Recent government efforts show progress, by mid-2024, hundreds of health facilities (polyclinics and health centres) were connected to the national e-Health project to improve point-of-care data access and claims management.

Yet connection alone is not enough. Fragmentation persists where data often lives in separate hospital systems, insurer silos, donor-funded digital programmes, or paper registers. For a startup trying to validate an AI triage model, this means months of costly data collection, inconsistent labels, and limited sample diversity, which in turn deters investors and prevents promising solutions from scaling. The recent Ghana Health Data Ecosystem mapping highlights these fragmentation and governance challenges and points to opportunities for harmonization.

Rwanda offers a practical model worth studying. Over the last several years, Kigali has invested in interoperable systems using an architecture that includes a national Health Information Exchange and interoperability layers (OpenHIM) to enable data flow across electronic medical records, immunization registries, and national surveillance systems. Rwanda’s e-tracker and integrated HMIS initiatives, built on standards such as DHIS2, show how linking registries and digitized records can create high-quality, individual-level datasets for public health while enabling secure, controlled data use.

What should Ghana and other African countries take from Rwanda’s playbook?

1. Treat health data as a national public good, with strict privacy safeguards. A national Health Information Exchange (HIE) governed by clear laws and strong anonymization standards would let vetted researchers and startups access de-identified, representative datasets without compromising patient privacy. Rwanda’s legal and technical work on data exchange offers lessons on policy design and governance.

2. Invest in interoperability, not just digitization. Connecting facilities is a start; ensuring those systems speak a common language (FHIR/DHIS2/OpenHIM patterns) unlocks aggregated insights and minimizes duplicate work. Rwanda’s adoption of interoperability layers demonstrates how standards-based architectures reduce vendor lock-in and accelerate integration.

3. Create secure “data sandboxes” for innovators. Controlled, time-limited access to anonymized datasets for proof-of-concepts would let startups validate models quickly, produce local evidence, and attract investor confidence. This approach balances innovation with patient safety and builds trust in the ecosystem.

4. Public–private partnerships and capacity building. Governments should partner with academia, donors, and private sector players to fund data governance, cloud infrastructure, and analytics upskilling. Ghana’s policy documents and recent ecosystem mapping show strong alignment for such collaborative efforts — now they need operationalization.

5. Measure impact and iterate. Use pilots tied to measurable health outcomes (reduced time to diagnosis, improved screening rates) and publish results. Evidence attracts scaling capital and policy support.

If Ghana is building on its existing e-Health foundation, embraces a standards-based HIE, robust anonymization, and data sandboxes for vetted innovators, we can unlock a generation of homegrown solutions that are trained on local realities, clinically valid, and scalable across the continent. Rwanda didn’t invent digital health overnight; it combined policy, standards, and technical architecture to make data usable. Ghana can take that path — and in doing so, transform imagination into measurable impact for millions.

If you’re working on a healthtech solution in Ghana and want to model a responsible data-access approach or build a pilot dataset, We’d love to help shape that conversation.

By Nana Kofi Nyarko-Appiah
Operations & Research Lead
Alliance for Health Tech Africa